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Geol 117 - Review sheet for Exam 2

Ocean Sediments

Sedimentation - process of forming sedimentary rock

Layers -> 2 fundamental "laws":

1.) oldest deposited first,

2.) originally horizontal (sediments evenly deposited over a large area)

Layer Thickness - Total Thickness

Depends on location in oceans

Rate of deposition

Depends on location, bio activity, currents, etc.

Sources of sediment

Importance or Uses of ocean sediments

Marine Sedimentary Provinces - Environments

Near shore

terrigenous sediments derived from land

Off-shore (outer continental margin) "neritic"

mixed land-derived and pelagic

Deep-sea (pelagic)

Bio-derived, wind blown, precipitates, extremely fine clay

Particle Size classification

Sorting

Hydrodynamic process of sorting

Implications -Where various size particles are deposited

Turbidity Currents - a common example of deposition and sorting

also called density current

results in "graded bedding", other sedimentary "structures" - e.g. ripple marks, crossbeds

Sediment Types (by Source - Genesis)

Lithogenous (rock-derived)

Biogenous (life-derived)

Hydrogenous (water-derived)

Cosmogenous(cosmic-derived)

Understand how produced, where found (deposited), composition (what they are made of), what controls their production.

Where do we find 1.) calcareous oozes, 2.) siliceous oozes, 3.) red clay, 4.) manganese nodules, 5.) turbidites

Sea-Floor Resources

Building Materials

Fertilizer

Fossil Fuels

Manganese Nodules

Hydrothermal Metal deposits

Where are resources located?

Properties of Water and Seawater

Structure

Phases

Energy (heat) properties

Density (and variation with T)

Effects of dissolved salts

Consequences of water Physical Properties

Global Heat Transfer

Local Weather/Climate effects

Convection in the Oceans

To Be Continued...

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